Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases. The pathogen is the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Where do hepatitis B viruses occur?

The reservoir is mainly formed by chronically HBV-infected persons (HBsAg-positive). Particularly symptomless or asymptomatic chronically infected persons represent a source of infection.

How does infection occur?

Smallest amounts of blood can transmit the virus. It can also be detected in saliva, tear fluid, semen, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood. The incubation period (time of ingestion of the pathogen until disease)) can be 40-200 days, (on average about 60-90 days). The duration depends mainly on the dose of the pathogen.

What is the duration of contagiousness?

Contagiousness exists regardless of the symptoms of the disease -as long as the characteristics of viral replication are detectable.

What are the symptoms?

Acute hepatitis B begins with non-specific symptoms (loss of appetite, joint pain, malaise, nausea, vomiting and fever). Later, the icteric phase may begin, the urine turns dark and jaundice (yellowing of the skin) occurs. This peaks after 1 to 2 weeks and then subsides. Most acute hepatitis B illnesses in adults heal completely and result in lifelong immunity.

What measures can protect?

Targeted prophylaxis of hepatitis B is only possible through active immunization (according to the STIKO vaccination calendar). Information and education of the population should be aimed at pointing out the benefits of condom use to persons with changing sexual partners and at making i.v. drug users aware of the great dangers of sharing needles and syringes.